"""
Урок 24. Кортежи — весь код примеров одним файлом.

Источник: subjects/python-fundamentals/course/lessons/24-tuples/examples.html
Файл собран автоматически (tools/build_lesson_examples.py): правьте страницу урока.
Запуск: python lesson-24.py
"""



# ====================================================================
# Пример 1. Создание кортежей и неизменяемость
# ====================================================================
many_values = (1, 2, 3, "apple", True)
empty_tuple = ()
single_value = (5,)
not_a_tuple = (5)          # это просто число в скобках
packed_tuple = 1, 2, 3      # скобки вообще не обязательны

print(many_values)
print(empty_tuple)
print(single_value, type(single_value))   # (5,) <class 'tuple'>
print(not_a_tuple, type(not_a_tuple))     # 5 <class 'int'>
print(packed_tuple, type(packed_tuple))   # (1, 2, 3) <class 'tuple'>

numbers = (10, 20, 30)
try:
    numbers[1] = 40
except TypeError as error:
    print("TypeError:", error)
    # 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

updated_numbers = numbers[:1] + (40,) + numbers[2:]
print(updated_numbers)   # (10, 40, 30) — не изменили, а собрали новый кортеж


# ====================================================================
# Пример 2. Операции с кортежами и преобразование в список
# ====================================================================
tuple1 = (1, 2)
tuple2 = (3, 4)

print(tuple1 + tuple2)              # (1, 2, 3, 4)
print(tuple1 * 3)                    # (1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2)
print(2 in tuple1)                   # True
print(len(tuple1))                    # 2
print((1, 2, 3) == (1, 2, 4))        # False — сравнение поэлементное

values = [1, 2, 3]
as_tuple = tuple(values)
as_list = list(as_tuple)
print(as_tuple, type(as_tuple))       # (1, 2, 3) <class 'tuple'>
print(as_list, type(as_list))          # [1, 2, 3] <class 'list'>


# ====================================================================
# Пример 3. Карточка пользователя: распаковка в именованные переменные
# ====================================================================
user = ("Alice", 29, "Python")
name, age, language = user

print(f"Имя: {name}")
print(f"Возраст: {age}")
print(f"Язык: {language}")


# ====================================================================
# Пример 4. Перебор: for, распаковка пар, enumerate()
# ====================================================================
scores = (10, 20, 30, 40)
for score in scores:
    print(score)

pairs = ((1, "apple"), (2, "banana"), (3, "cherry"))
for number, fruit in pairs:
    print(f"Число: {number}, Фрукт: {fruit}")

languages = ("Python", "Java", "C++")
for index, language in enumerate(languages, start=1):
    print(f"{index}: {language}")

print(tuple(enumerate(languages)))
# ((0, 'Python'), (1, 'Java'), (2, 'C++')) — enumerate сам по себе не печатается как список пар


# ====================================================================
# Пример 5. Уникальные элементы без неизученных коллекций
# ====================================================================
numbers = (1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 4, 5, 3, 6)
unique_numbers = tuple()

for number in numbers:
    if number not in unique_numbers:
        unique_numbers += (number,)

print("Уникальные элементы:", unique_numbers)


# ====================================================================
# Пример 6. Элементы выше среднего
# ====================================================================
numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25, 30)
average = sum(numbers) / len(numbers)
greater_than_average = tuple()

for number in numbers:
    if number > average:
        greater_than_average += (number,)

print("Элементы больше среднего:", greater_than_average)


# ====================================================================
# Пример 7. Возрастающая прогрессия (задача из домашнего задания)
# ====================================================================
numbers = (3, 7, 2, 8, 5, 10, 1)
increasing = tuple()
current_max = None

for number in numbers:
    if current_max is None or number > current_max:
        increasing += (number,)
        current_max = number

print("Кортеж по возрастанию:", increasing)   # (3, 7, 8, 10)


# ====================================================================
# Пример 8. Сравнение соседних элементов
# ====================================================================
numbers = (10, 20, 15, 30, 25, 35)

for index, value in enumerate(numbers[:-1]):
    next_value = numbers[index + 1]
    if value > next_value:
        print(f"{value} больше, чем {next_value}")


# ====================================================================
# Пример 9. Индексы повторяющихся элементов
# ====================================================================
numbers = (1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6, 4, 2, 9)
processed = tuple()

for number in numbers:
    if numbers.count(number) > 1 and number not in processed:
        indexes = tuple()
        for index, current in enumerate(numbers):
            if current == number:
                indexes += (index,)
        processed += (number,)
        print(f"Индексы элемента {number}:", *indexes)


# ====================================================================
# Пример 10. Распаковка остатка через *
# ====================================================================
numbers = (3, 7, 2, 8, 5, 10, 1)
first, *middle, last = numbers

print("Первый:", first)
print("Середина:", middle)     # [7, 2, 8, 5, 10] — список, не кортеж
print("Последний:", last)


# ====================================================================
# Пример 11. Ловушка: изменяемый объект внутри неизменяемого кортежа
# ====================================================================
data = ([1, 2], "items")
data[0].append(3)     # список внутри кортежа изменился
print(data)             # ([1, 2, 3], 'items')

try:
    data[0] = [9, 9]    # а вот заменить сам элемент кортежа нельзя
except TypeError as error:
    print("TypeError:", error)